Note PAL at the end of principal... these parts are indeed your pals since they help you both form and identify Latin verbs. When you memorize a verb you will memorize 4 principal parts with some exceptions (deponent verbs have 3, some irregular verbs have 2, verbs that cannot be used in passive voice context have 3).
| I | II | III | IV | |
| Trans. | 1st pers. sg.present active
indicative . I.......... |
present active infinitive
indicates conjugation
to....... |
1st pers. sg. perfect active
indicative I have....., I did...., I...ed |
perfect passive participle
having been......ed |
| Uses | 1st person sg. | stem for
***pres., imp., fut. tenses active and passive *pres. pass. infinitive |
stem for
*perf., pp., fut. perf. active only *perf. pass. infinitive |
stem for
*perf., pp., fut. perf. passive only *perf. pass. infinitive **fut. inf. & participle |
| E.G. | duco - I lead | ducere-to lead; duci-to be lead | duxi-I have led, I did lead; duxisse-to have lead | ductus(-us, -a, um)having been led; ductus
esse-to have been led; ducturus(-a,-um)-going to lead;
ducturus esse-to be goin to lead |
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