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| Title/role | Ancient Rome | United States |
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| Judge/presider | -praetor/magistratus-elected
-consilium-3 legal experts advise praeto |
-appointed or elected
-extensive law library as legal expert |
| Jury | album judicum
-list of males -senator or eques class -32 to 75 men depending on case -majority of votes = verdict |
12 citizens examined by prosecution and defense; in most states, vote in a criminal trial must be unanimous |
| Verdict | C=condemno, A=absolvo | unanimous- paper to judge |
| Prosecutor | accusator- private citizen | government official |
| Defense Att. | Patronus or advocatus (one or more) | Attorney- one or more |
| Defendant | -reus(defendant) innocent till proven guilty
-imprisoned or free till trial |
-innocent till proven guilty
-after initial charges, prison or free on bail. |
| Clerks | scribae-record events | recorder-word for word transcript |
| Witness(es) | required by magistrate sub poena | required by law, can be subpoena issued. |
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| Copyright © 2008, KET |