Moods

How to Form Tenses in the Subjunctive Mood

The subjunctive mood is used to express a wish, hope, uncertaintly or other like feeling about a fact or an idea.In contemporary English it is seldom used. We see it in 3 forms:

contrary to fact statements: If I were you, I would not see that movie.(were not was)
following verbs of asking, demanding and recommending: I asked that she come at 6 pm. (not comes)
forms of "to be": Let it be!, So be it!

Subjunctive Tenses:

Present and Imperfect: use the same endings:

Person	Active	Passive	Person	Active	Passive
I	o,-m	r	we	mus	mur
you	s	ris	you	tis	mini
he/she/it	t	tur	they	nt	ntur

Given are examples in the 3rd person singular; replace the -t- with the above endings to create the other forms.

Conjugation	Present Indicative	Present Subjunctive	Imperfect Indicative	Imperfect Subjunctive
For the present subjunctive change the vowel			For the imperfect subjunctive, use the infinitive as the base.
1st	amat	amet	amabat	amaret
2nd	docet	doceat	docebat	doceret
3rd	ducit	ducat	ducebat	duceret
4th	venit	veniat	veniebat	veniret

Active Voice: Perfect & Pluperfect- use the same termini as above. (1st sing. always -m.)

Perfect Indicative Active	Perfect Subjunctive Active	Pluperfect Indicative Active	Pluperfect Subjunctive Active
add -eri + termini to 3rd pp.		add imperfect form of "to be"
Amâvit	Amâverit	Amâverat	Amâvesset

Passive Voice, Perfect and Pluperfect: Replace the indicative form of to be with the subjunctive form.

For more explanation see Formation of Imperfect and Pluperfect

sum, es, est.........becomes sim, sis, sit...,
eram, eras,erat ...becomes essem, esses, esset,... use the infinitive with the endings.

Perfect Indicative	Perfect Subjunctive	Pluperfect Indicative	Pluperfect Subjunctive
Amatus est	Amatus sit (pres. subj. of "to be"	Amatus erat	Amatus esset

Practice recognizing Indicative v.Subjunctive Forms

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