Adverbs

Postive Adverbs

1. Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs:
   
   

   Celeriter currit	He runs swiftly	modifies the verb
   Nimis gravis est	He is too serious	modifies the adjective
   Nunc quoque di laudantur	Now also the gods are praised	modifies another adverb (nunc)

   
   
   
2. Adverbs can modify meaning in a variety of ways. These are just a few examples:
   
   

   Time	cras (tomorrow)    ubi (when)    diu (for a long time)    nocte (at night)    etc.
   Place	ibi (there)    ubi (where)    huc (to this place)    usquam (anywhere)    etc.
   Manner	quam (how)    cur (why)    sic (so)    ita (thus)    igitur (therefore)    etc.

   
   
   
3. Latin adjectives can be turned into adverbs in two simple ways:
   
   

   Add -ê to the stem of 1st & 2nd decl adjectives			Add -iter to the stem of 3rd decl adjectives or add -er if the stem ends in -nt-
   Adjective	Stem	Adverb	Adjective	Stem	Adverb
   clarus, clara, clarum	clar-	clarê	levis, levis, leve	lev-	leviter
   pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum	pulchr-	pulchrê	diligens, diligentis	diligent-	diligenter

   
   
   
4. Latin adverbs are indeclinable: they have no case endings to memorize. But some adverbs can change their endings to reflect a difference in their degree:
   
   

   Positive	The sailor lives dangerously	Nauta vivit periculosê
   Comparative	The hunter lives more dangerously or rather dangerously or too dangerously	Venator vivit periculosius
   Superlative	The gladiator lives very dangerously or most dangerously	Gladiator vivit periculosissimê

   
   
   

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