Noun Cases Grammatica

Cases:

The Ablative Case

Separative

FUNCTION USED TO SHOW ... PREPOSITION? USE LATIN
EXAMPLE		 ENGLISH
Separation From what? Ab, only with tangibles with transitive verbs
  • Liberavi eam ab vinculis.
  • Liberavi eam servitudine.
  • I freed her from chains.

  • I freed her from slavery.
Cause From what cause? none frequently causa or gratia
  • Amore mortua est.
  • Libertatis causa mortua est.
  • She died for love.
  • She died for the cause of freedom.
Comparison Than what? none w/ comparative adjectives Video puellam altiorem fratre. I saw a girl taller than her brother.
Place from which From what place? Ab, de, or ex
(None with cities, towns, small islands)		 w/ verbs of motion or esse Est ab Italia. She is from Italy.
Partitive From what whole? de or ex w/ numbers and other adjectives Pauci ex militibus fugerunt. A few of the soldiers fled.
Source From what source? De or none usually ancestral Catalina nobile gente natus malus est. Cataline, born of a noble clan, was wicked.
Personal Agent By whom? ab w/ a passive, person & prep. Ab Caesare iussus est. He was ordered by Caesar.


Locational

FUNCTION USED TO SHOW... PREPOSITION? USE LATIN
EXAMPLE		 ENGLISH
Place Where In what place? in, sub, super Not for cities, town, small islands
  • In Italia sumus.
  • Domi sumus.
  • We are in Italy.
  • We are home.
Time when At what time? none singular of "time words"
  • Sexta hora edemus.
  • Adventu Caesaris iter faciemus.
  • At noon, we'll eat.
  • At Caesar's arrival, we will march.
Time within which Within what time frame? none Plurals, or ideas like aevum
  • Sex horis advenerit.

  • Aevo multa videmus.
  • He will arrive within six hours.
  • We will see many things in a lifetime.


Attendant Means or Circumstance

FUNCTION USED TO SHOW... PREPOSITION? USE LATIN
EXAMPLE		 ENGLISH
Means or instrument using what? none a thing, especially a tool or a means of travel
  • Turba signum dabitur.
  • Equo adveniet.
  • The signal will be given with a trumpet.
  • He will arrive on a horse.
Means with deponent direct object none w/ frugor, fungor, potior, vescor, and utor Utor stylo. I am using a pen.
Price At what cost? none w/ a verb of buying, selling, or exchanging Vita patriam servavit. She saved her country at the cost of...
Description Of what sort? none w/ a noun of quality modified by and adjective Homa magna virtute est. She is a person of great courage.
Specification With regard to what? none Limits an adj. E.G. Dignus Est dignus honore. He is worthy of the honor.
Degree of difference By how much? none Usually a substantive adjective; frequently with the comparative Est multor pulchrior. He is much better looking.
Manner In what fashion? cum, optional with adj. Equivelant to an adverb
  • Maxima cum gratia ambulat.
  • Maxima celeritate currebat.
  • She walks very gracefully.
  • He runs very fast.
Accompaniment With whom? cum connection with something, opposite of separation Cum pulchro fratre ambulat. She is walking with her handsome brother.
Absolute Under what conditions? none two works minimum; especially perfect participles His dictis confectis, possum requiscere. With this advice finished, I can rest.


Cases:

Grammatica ^



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